The Concept of Creativity

Introduction Based on the work of Kirby Ferguson, it can be stated that the concept of creativity arises not out of nothingness; rather, it is the result of applying ordinary mental tools within the mind onto existing materials in order to produce new results (Vogel et al., 2011). In order to better understand such a concept, it is important to first know what the various elements of creativity are and how they impact the creative process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Concept of Creativity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The elements of creativity are composed of the following: Cognitive – Cognitive elements within the creative process refer to an individual’s basic knowledge regarding particular processes (whether generalized or specializing in a specific field), their attraction towards complexity (e.g. their innate ability to analyze and combine ideas into new areas or dimensions ), their general open-mindedness towards new discoveries and finally their awareness of the creative process itself. Affective – Affective elements on the other hand refer to an individual’s intrinsic level of curiosity, willingness to explore, their ability to take risks and their general independence towards following generally accepted processes and procedures in order to attempt something new. Combined with the cognitive elements of creativity this in effect enables an individual to examine current processes from multiple angles and actually desire to implement new methods which could potentially improve such processes. Based on the study of De Miranda, Aranha Zardo (2009) which examines the development of creativity within individuals over time, it can be stated that as an individual’s cognitive and affective elements grow so too does their ability to explore and become more creative (De Miranda, Aranha Zardo, 2009). Personal – The personal aspect of creativity is slightly different in that it refers to an individual’s innate talent with a particular type of skill set as compared to something that was acquired over time.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to an individual’s personal perspective on creativity, this often takes the form of new concepts being applied to new experiences in order to create new outputs as compared to situations without sufficient creativity wherein new concepts/ideas are actually made to fit onto old theories which often results in inefficient or ineffective practices (Vogel et al., 2011). Motivational – The motivational aspect of the creative process is related to an individual’s drive towards a particular type of project, assignment, job or piece of work that they are currently working on. The desire to design, create and enhance in this particular c ase is not due to external influences but rather as a direct result of an internal desire which manifests itself as an aspect of the creative process. ( ) explains this by stating that creativity is not something that can be forced, rather, it is an internal process that develops as a direct result of the desire of a person to develop or enhance something they are working on. Thus, the motivational aspect of creativity is one of the most important elements since it acts as the spark which lights the fire of creativity in the first place. Applying Logical and Creative Problem Solving to Real World Problems When examining the work of Demirkan Hasirci (2009) on creativity and its various applications, it was noted that what we know as creativity at the present may have arisen as an evolutionary response to problems encountered by early humans on a daily basis (Demirkan Hasirci, 2009). Creativity, as described by Demirkan Hasirci (2009), can be considered a thought process that is me ant to address problematic situations in an alternative manner as compared to a more straightforward approach that became ineffective (Demirkan Hasirci, 2009). This manifests itself in various stages in a person’s life and attains its zenith during a person’s adult years when they become 30 to 35 years old. Logical and creative problem solving is thus limited not only by life experience, which is inversely proportional to age, but is also limited by a person’s inherent set of skills when it comes to particular problems (Holm-Hadulla Hofmann, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Concept of Creativity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, an individual that utilizes logic and creativity when it come to resolving a problem related to electrical engineering, may not have the same level of creative thinking when it comes to resolving an issue involving computer graphics o r architecture (Holm-Hadulla Hofmann, 2012). Thus, logical thinking and creativity should not be considered applicable to all cases; rather, it would be more accurate to consider such factors being utilized in two distinct categories, namely: general experiences and specific knowledge (Joo, Song, Lim Yoon, 2012). General experiences is the application of logic and creativity on daily experiences, this can come in the form of daily social interactions, handling everyday tasks, as well as other actions that are normally associated with the daily activities of a normal person (Joo, Song, Lim Yoon, 2012). Specific knowledge on the other hand refers to the application of logic and creativity on actions/events that entail the application of unique pieces of knowledge that are applicable to individuals within specific fields (Lemons, 2005). This can entail the application of logic and creativity in aspects related to solving problems in architecture, computer programming, engineering an d other such activities that require extensive knowledge within a particular field. Hypothesized Application of Creative Problem Solving Hypothesis: Creativity is an essential part of the learning process due to the way in which it examines and tries to improve upon knowledge that has already been internalized. When it comes to the application of creativity, it is important to note that there are three essential elements that are present which result in the creative process. These elements are composed of the following concepts:Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Copy – the element of copying within creativity is actually a manifestation of the learning process wherein people â€Å"copy† the relevant information they need and internalize it for later use. This internalization is an essential aspect of the process of creativity since it in effect acts as the initial blueprint from where all future ideas stem from. Transform – the element of transformation occurs when information that was initially copied and internalized is examined and thought of in new ways. While it has yet to be applied into anything specific, the information is no longer the same as it once was since it has been modified based on other perspectives and internalized concepts. Combine – the process of combination involves utilizing the transformed knowledge within a real life situation which in effect creates a new solution as compared to merely utilizing the knowledge in the same way in order to create the same solution. What must be understood is that creative problem solving can actually be utilized as a tool to improve learning by enabling an individual to perceive distinct problems from multiple angles. The inherent problem with linear methods of learning, which presents information in a straightforward fashion, is that it encourages people to think in only a certain way. While this may seem like a perfectly normal aspect of learning, the fact is that multifaceted approach is a far more effective means of learning and producing ideas as compared to a linear method of understanding. Linear learning results in an individual perceiving lessons in only a certain fashion and applying them in narrowly specific way, the inherent problem with this is that when presented with a situation that entails out of the box thinking, those who have been indoctrinated into a linear form of learning usually are not able to develop the necessary solutions to resolve a new issue. A multifaceted approach on the other hand utilizes focuses o n incorporating creative problem solving skills at the very inception of the lesson (Chen Chen, 2012). This means that learners are presented with multiple approaches to choose from and are guided towards choosing which option they perceive is the best course of action. By utilizing this particular method of learning, learners are thus able to adapt to different situations and are able to incorporate lessons that they learned into new situations they encounter (MacLaren, 2012). Evidence of improved learning outcomes when incorporating creative problem solving in the learning process can actually be seen in the case of the U.S. system of education (Livingston, 2010). At the present, funding for public schools within various U.S. districts is inherently connected to the performance of students in tests as well as in national tests administered by the government. Schools that have underperforming students based on government standards actually receive reduced funding due to what is pe rceived as a â€Å"failure â€Å"in the teaching ability of the school. It is due to this that public schools within the U.S. often implement a linear militaristic form of education wherein students are taught how to answer tests yet are not given the necessary tools to properly understand the lessons behind arriving at the answers (Chen Chen, 2012). As a result of such actions, it has been determined by numerous studies that a vast percentage of the present day generation of students within the U.S. public school system have been formed into nothing more than â€Å"parrots† who repeat answers and lack the sufficient ability to apply the lessons taught into actual situations (Livingston, 2010). On the other end of the spectrum, private schools within the U.S. implement an entirely different method of teaching which does not utilize a linear militaristic form of teaching, rather they utilize a multifaceted approach wherein they incorporate creative problem solving to variou s lessons and help students understand the processes behind the lessons being taught to them and how to properly apply such lessons within actual real world scenarios. The end result is that students from private schools in the U.S. have been shown to be far smarter and far more capable as compared to their counterparts in the public school system, Conclusion Based on what has been presented in this paper so far, it can be stated that creativity is an essential part of the learning process due to the way in which it examines and tries to improve upon knowledge that has already been internalized. Reference List Chen, I., Chen, J. (2012). Creativity strategy selection for the higher education system. Quality Quantity, 46(3), 739-750. De Miranda, P. C., Aranha, J. S., Zardo, J. (2009). Creativity: people, environment and culture, the key elements in its understanding and interpretation. Science   Public Policy (SPP), 36(7), 523-535. Demirkan, H., Hasirci, D. (2009). Hidden Dimens ions of Creativity Elements in Design Process. Creativity Research Journal, 21(2/3), 294-301. Holm-Hadulla, R., Hofmann, F. (2012). Counselling, psychotherapy and creativity.  Asia Pacific Journal Of Counselling Psychotherapy, 3(2), 130-136. Joo, B., Song, J., Lim, D., Yoon, S. (2012). Team creativity: the effects of perceived learning culture, developmental feedback and team cohesion. International  Journal Of Training Development, 16(2), 77-91. Lemons, G. (2005). When the Horse Drinks: Enhancing Everyday Creativity Using Elements of Improvisation. Creativity Research Journal, 17(1), 25-36. Livingston, L. (2010). Teaching Creativity in Higher Education. Arts Education Policy  Review, 111(2), 59-62. MacLaren, I. (2012). The contradictions of policy and practice: creativity in higher education. London Review Of Education, 10(2), 159-172 Vogel, T., Villegas, J., Barry, I., Hurni, R., Ortega, T., Griffin, G. (2011). Creativity as a strategic resource. American Academy Of Adv ertising Conference Proceedings, 132-133. This research paper on The Concept of Creativity was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Hipocricy And Self Delusion In “The Enormous Radio”

Hipocricy and Self Delusion in â€Å"The Enormous Radio† Everyone likes to get away from their daily lives and forget about their troubles every once in a while. We may take a vacation or escape from reality by watching a movie. Once the film or trip is over though, we must face our problems once again. In â€Å"The enormous Radio† however, Irene Wescott is on a permanent hiatus, denying her own flaws and constantly criticizing others. This story is about the way people can distract themselves from their own lives by getting involved in other people’s lives. Irene is shown to be a supercilious person through her actions. We first see Irene’s denial in her â€Å"coat of fitch skins dyed to resemble mink.†. She was â€Å"proud of her living room, she had chosen its furnishings and colors as carefully as she chose her clothes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Although she â€Å"was struck at once with the physical ugliness of the large gumwood cabinet,† she â€Å"decided that tone was most important and that she could conceal the cabinet behind a sofa† . Also her arrogance comes out when she tells her husband that â€Å"some woman in this building is having an affair with the handyman- with that hideous handyman.† She is more disturbed about who the woman is having the affair with than the fact that she is having an affair at all. Irene is so caught up in other peoples lives and so intent on escaping from her own reality, that she â€Å"had two Martinis at lunch, and she looked searchingly at her friend and wondered what her secrets were. They had intended to go shopping after lunch, but irene excused herself and went home.† It is no small thing for Irene to skip shopping as we see later in the story that she has run up quite a clothing bill. Her self delusion is never more evident in the story than in her response to Jim’s question, â€Å"Why do you have to listen to this stuff if it makes you so miserable?† Irene says, â€Å"Life is too terrible, too sor... Free Essays on Hipocricy And Self Delusion In â€Å"The Enormous Radio† Free Essays on Hipocricy And Self Delusion In â€Å"The Enormous Radio† Hipocricy and Self Delusion in â€Å"The Enormous Radio† Everyone likes to get away from their daily lives and forget about their troubles every once in a while. We may take a vacation or escape from reality by watching a movie. Once the film or trip is over though, we must face our problems once again. In â€Å"The enormous Radio† however, Irene Wescott is on a permanent hiatus, denying her own flaws and constantly criticizing others. This story is about the way people can distract themselves from their own lives by getting involved in other people’s lives. Irene is shown to be a supercilious person through her actions. We first see Irene’s denial in her â€Å"coat of fitch skins dyed to resemble mink.†. She was â€Å"proud of her living room, she had chosen its furnishings and colors as carefully as she chose her clothes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Although she â€Å"was struck at once with the physical ugliness of the large gumwood cabinet,† she â€Å"decided that tone was most important and that she could conceal the cabinet behind a sofa† . Also her arrogance comes out when she tells her husband that â€Å"some woman in this building is having an affair with the handyman- with that hideous handyman.† She is more disturbed about who the woman is having the affair with than the fact that she is having an affair at all. Irene is so caught up in other peoples lives and so intent on escaping from her own reality, that she â€Å"had two Martinis at lunch, and she looked searchingly at her friend and wondered what her secrets were. They had intended to go shopping after lunch, but irene excused herself and went home.† It is no small thing for Irene to skip shopping as we see later in the story that she has run up quite a clothing bill. Her self delusion is never more evident in the story than in her response to Jim’s question, â€Å"Why do you have to listen to this stuff if it makes you so miserable?† Irene says, â€Å"Life is too terrible, too sor...

To Do the Right Thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To Do the Right Thing - Essay Example Lies, even the smallest ones, weaken relationships and lead to bigger problems down the road. When I sat and thought about what Learner spoke, i felt, most people in principle would agree that lying is wrong. However, I believe that lying is much more than the untruths that can come out of one's mouth. It is, too often, also in the way one lives their life. There is no justification for a lie, no matter what its form. An essay such as this allows one to sit for a few moments and examine his life. I found myself sitting here thinking about what examples I could share that were a 'good enough' to be recognized as a lie while, at the same time, maintain a balance so that it would somehow seem acceptable. The reader may see my words and think to himself that, given the same situation, he would do the act or speak likewise; that somehow his justification would make my lie right. In doing that very thing, I was, in effect, doing what I had just stated was never justified. I was making my own life, my very existence, into a lie. Not in word, perhaps, but a lie, none the less. So, in truth, I offer you an example of a lie within my own life. In trying to convince ourselves that, somehow, there must be a reason for telling a lie no matter for what reason, I found myself imaging what it would be like to live in a place where exactly wha

Fight Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fight Club - Essay Example The story is a distortion of core US obsession culture of consumerism, therapy and violence because the movie initially offers fighting as remedy and male bonding exercise in hope to re-masculine men castrated by consumerism. The understanding in the movie never seeks to resolve personal dissatisfaction within the public sphere; but rather suggests that organization is feasible via private and violent expressions. However, the brilliant representation of violent acts in the disruptive way offers a way of inciting discourse regarding gender identity and violence, which leaves space for public discussion. The movie tends to open this space, regardless of its critique because violence offers a way of analyzing culture dictated by consumerism and commercialization and showing the challenges associated with normal gender relations. Hence, fight club seems to be a necessary way of discussing the gender identity and the generation of white masculinity. The fight club presents the discipline of violence as a therapy for masculine powerlessness and such a discipline prepares a man for pain essential to contest social power in job, relationship and conceivably in the large socio-political arena. The cleverness in the movie leaves one with the feeling of powerless and insensitive as the movies plays with serious problems within the society; even though, it does not offer any resolution. The movie tweaks the discourse because qualities of discarded objects are significantly brought to life in the film as they are animated in the relation between use of value and exchange of value. However, the movie illustrates capitalism by the struggle within domains of use and exchange and defends the use of value and exchange of value in a manner consistent with moderate defense of capitalism. At its best the boxing movie offers suffering as a way of attaining insight instead of endorsing pain as an avenue of power and appropriates conflict within the movie. The value of the movie lies in its power to stir people and force them to contemplate their own lives in a crucial way and then decide if the individuals have chosen reasonable option to undergo change. Although, the movie does not offer answers, which remains the single reason the movie is disdained, the movie aims at evoking the right concerns and motivating the people to act. Fight club offers a contemporary emotional wasteland and ridicules people fledging attempts to cope exemplified when Jack wakes while on business flight and meets Tyler, who offers a different solution that involved blowing out apartment, learning to strike and taking a hard punch and relishing the pain. In the movie, boxing translates to pain, which is essential in liberation because the movie advocates that through willingness to embrace suffering, one can overcome fear and exercise power that would culminate in resurrection of one’s masculinity. Members of the club engage in knock down aimed at making individuals feel good t hrough fist fights and the club soon attracts disciples who consider Tyler to be their leader. Tyler take the mission of urging followers to reclaim masculinity through renouncing possessions, stale routines and comforts by expressing their rage through bloody, bare-knuckle fistfights. The movie’s triumph is paradoxical because one overcomes powerlessness through channeling anger in bare-knuckle fights that regenerate the psyche while battering the body. Hence, power in the movie arises from self-immolation because at night the desire to hit and be hit

Types Of Forward Error Correction

Types Of Forward Error Correction Error correcting codes are important in protecting transmitted data. In this paper we introduce the forward error correction (FECs) about the background of it INTRODUCTION, how they works, explain the principles of forward error correcting codes (FECs) Principles of FECs. And we also introduce the different types of FECs and how they work in internet and wireless communications TYPES of FECs. Index Terms-forward error correction (FECs), Error Correction Code, internet, wireless. INTRODUCTION Forward Error Correction code is a data code which is used in error control for data transmission. In FEC which using FECs, the receiver not only can catch transmission error, but also determine where the error happened by binary symbol and correct it. Different from ARQ, FEC is applied to the relatively costly retransmissions. Whats more, in order to recover corrupted data, FEC information is usually added to mass storage devices. The advantage of forward error correction is that retransmission of data can often be avoided. Digital communication systems also use FEC to minimum SNR. When the channel errors tend to occur in bursts, FEC coded data can reduce the all or nothing properties of transmitted FEC codes. [1] But this advantage is based on the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average, which means that FEC is applied in situations where retransmissions are relatively expensive or impossible. 2 PRINCIPLES of FECs Forward error correction code (FECs) is a data codes which is used in FEC system for data transmission. Because of the FECs, the sender adds to its messages by using a predetermined algorithm, the receiver can detect and correct errors without asking the sender for additional data. Not all the errors can be corrected by the same design of the code, thus, various conditions need different FEC codes to match. Furthermore, many FEC algorithms can take analog data in, and put digital data out. There are two basic ways to code, linear block code and cycle code. But they share the similar principle. When we send k bits date and use linear block codes to correct it, the transmission system will reconstruct n bits code word by multiplied n*k generator matrix such that we can tolerate k-n losses. And when then receiver get the n bits code word, and multiplied the n bits code by HT matrix n*(n-k) matrix composed by the unit matrix and arbitrary matrix. It will control the error and rectify the error by using the result of the last multiplied. Final, the decoder will reconstruct the date like the picture. To check large data we need lots of work. And consider about the strength and accuracy, the linear block codes are not easy to implement in hardware. The cycle codes are easier to implement than linear block code by using shift registers. The sender multiplies the data by order of generator polynomial P(x) to create code word. And in receiver, it divides receive code by P(x) to get the syndrome and find where the error is. Then the decoder will reconstruct the date. 3 TYPES of FECs Block codes and Convolution codes The two main types of FECs are block codes and convolution codes. In this section, we will talk about the different bound of each of them and compare those advantages and disadvantage. Block codes work on fixed length blocks of bits or symbols of predetermined size. It encode the data by multiple a complex matrix and in receiver, the decoder will reconstruct the data and correct the errors. There are many types of block codes such as BCH codes and Hamming codes. Convolution codes work on bit or symbol streams, which have arbitrary length. In general, they are decoded with the Viterbi algorithm. While increasing constraint length of the convolution code, it allows asymptotically optimal decoding efficiency, its still at the expense of exponentially increasing complexity. [2] It encodes k bits information into n bits symbols. Because k and n is small, it is easy to transmission. Different from Block code, the n bits code work not only depend on the k bits date, but also depend on the forward symbols. Convolution codes are used in numerous applications such as digital video, radio, mobile communication, and satellite communication. It is high speed and efficient. In another word, we can choose which types FECs can be used in our system by we need. But Reed-Solomon coding (RS) is the most widely used because it strange ability in error control. Now we introduce some types of FECs. CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check is the most important of linear group codes and the most commonly used error checking code. Its information field and check the length of the field can be arbitrarily selected. A CRC is formed by date and check code. The senders code the source data and send the check code behind the data. And the receivers yet code the data via the same way and compare the check code with the result. The advantage of CRC is that it is easy to use in computer and digital components because it is formed by binary code. But the codes length is large and it takes more unwanted time and channels. An example of using CRC code is the FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Array). During device operation, it can make continual verification of the CRAM contents feasible by using hard CRC checker. The CRC is guaranteed to detect multi-bit errors. Integrating CRC circuitry on-chip in hard gates has many benefits, for example, the circuitry is capable of performing without failure under a wide range of conditions and not susceptible to soft errors. Furthermore, the CRC circuit is a self-contained block and is enabled simply. [3] BCH code and R-S code: BCH code can check and correct multiple random errors in model multi-level, cycle, error correction, variable-length digital code. It is a non-binary codes. Reed-Solomon is encompassed from BCH. It is made up of n symbols, and each of the symbols is m bits long. [4] After coding, it adds t check symbols to the data, and the decoder can use an R-S code to detect any errors of up to t symbols, and correct up to t/2 errors. It is more complex then simple of CRC and has strong error correction ability. It is widely used in mass data storage system such as DVD, e-Reader and some game systems to correct the burst errors. And the R-S code also can be use to overcome the unreliable condition of data transmissions. An application of R-S codes was to correct the data sent back by Voyager. It is significant that R-S code is used in satellite transmission. Because R-S code gains much bandwidth need to net transition, so we cant use it in internet. Turbo Code: Turbo codes come from serial concatenated codes which based on an outer Reed-Solomon error correction code. Turbo Codes are well- performance FECs, which is the first practical code to closely approach the channel capacity. They combine a variety of ways of encoding and decoding. The encoders reconstruct the data into three parts -one m bits data and two n/2 bits code. And in receiver, two interconnected decoders are used to avoid error bursts. There are two different type of Turbo Code Turbo Convolution Code (TCC) and Block Turbo Code (BTC) [5]. One is base on Convolution code and the other is Block code. The Turbo Convolution Code has greater correction ability than BTC and is widely used in wireless communication while Block Turbo Code shows better performance at high code rate and suits for optical communication systems. 4. FECs in WIRELESS and INTERNET FECs in wireless High-speed multimedia data transmission is vulnerable to burst errors primarily due to the structure. The quality of service (QoS) of a wireless network is largely dependent on the link stability and availability and the error probability. FECs minimize the effects of multipart fading to enhance the QoS by adding check code in the transmitted data. And in all kinks of FECs, the R-S code has the most strong error correction ability. And R-S codes are effective in minimizing the irrecoverable system problems which are aroused by burst errors in high speed data traffic and reducing the bit error rate [6]. As a result, the wireless link is higher availability and E/N is dropped. So both in industry wireless net and wireless transmission, it is in widespread. And now in BWA, an R-S (204,188) has been put forward. It can diffuse a number of errors in one point to some small error. And the error will been corrected in decoder. FECs in internet FECs is applied in internet is a new development research problem in recently decennium. In internet, FECs adapt to complete more address transmission. First, people think about the R-S code because it reliability. And R-S code is easy to be decoded. But R-S code needs a complex math operation. In long data transmission, it will take too long time and it may tribute network traffic jam by using R-S code. So R-S code just using in short length date transmission. And now most use the Tornado code in internet. Tornado code is a Low-density parity codes and constructed in a kind of non-formula picture. Spielman provide the Expander code in 1995 on the base of Low-density parity codes.[7] And in 1998, Byers J W, and Luby M put out the Tornado code on the base of it.[8] Tornado code can be coded in a linearity time. And it has a quickly spread speed than R-S code. This is the structure of Tornado code. By using FECs, the speed of transmission in internet will be decreased with less retransmission. And FECs also can avoid the blocking and ensuring internet reliability when we transmit data in internet. Comparing the application of FECs between in internet and wireless, we can get the conclusion. The wireless need higher QoS and can provide more bandwidth to transmit data. So we use R-S code or Turbo Convolution Code to enhance the availability of links to get high QoS. While in internet, R-S code will take more time in encoding and decoding and in internet retransmit isnt cost a lot so we use Tornado instead or just use ARQ only. 5. CONCLUSION and REFLECTION As FEC uses excess information to locate the errors and correct them without further communication with the sender, it is generally effective when there is a high degree of corre- lation in the error. We can see that there are many advantages of FEC: it sometimes has no feedback channel necessary; it has long delay path; it is one-way transmission; it is useful for multi- cast, etc. Despite of these, FEC also meets some problems: it needs high bandwidth, thus it is computationally expensive; it requires over-transmission, etc. Therefore, FEC is not extensively used at the packet level. So in the next step, we need build new protocol and update our modern FECs to get higher QoS and speed of encoding and decoding such as Tornado code and RS (204, 188). And we also need to update our FEC to seek new way to construct FECs. 6. EVALUATION After this assignment, we take a further step in learning FECs. We become much more clearly about the different types of FECs, including their strengths and weaknesses and how they work. At first, we just surfed on the internet and collected any useful information about FECs we could find. Nevertheless, we found that the resources were limited and decentralized. In order to explain the fundamental of FECs clearly, we borrowed some books from library and then solved the problems we met. Although the process of doing research and selecting useful information is plain and boring, we benefit a lot from it. We not only learn about the knowledge, but also got some researching experience.

House on Mango Street Essay example -- essays research papers

Esperanza is torn between deciding whether she wants to escape Mango Street. She is embarrassed by the superficial appearance of her identity, but appreciates her roots. Her house is a wreck and the neighborhood, probably not much better off. However, she has loving family and friends. Although marriage has caused the suffering of many of the women in her neighborhood, she realizes that she needs men to fulfill the new desires she attains as she hits adolescence. Through the novel, Esperanza matures both physically and mentally. The first thing that struck me about this novel was that the chapters were very short. I realized that the narrator is young and has a short attention span, judging from her fragmented observations. However, Esperanza begins to mature and to develop a desire for men. While she senses that many women are caged by men, they cannot be truly free without them. Most of the women Esperanza knows on Mango Street are either trapped in their marriages or tied down by their children. For example, Esperanza’s grandmother. Esperanza does not want to â€Å"inherit her place by the window.† She neither likes what she has already inherited from her grandmother – her name. Esperanza plays with words when she first expresses her dissatisfaction with her name. She says that in Spanish, her name means â€Å"too many letters. It means sadness [from the opposite of esperar, which is desesperarse], it means waiting [from the verb esperar].† She settles on changing her name to â€Å"Zez...

Murray Syllabus Spring

It is impossible to comprehensively cover every aspect of SCM in just one semester. Nonetheless, the overarching course objective is to develop an understanding of integrative managerial issues and challenges related to developing and implementing a firm's Supply Chain and Operations Management Strategy. Attention is directed to the supply chain mission confronted by varied types of business organizations. Supply Chain Management is an increasingly strategic function and value-adding process hat achieves time and place synchronization of demand stimulation and operations fulfillment.Executed properly, Supply Chain Management can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Emphasis will be placed on challenges related to providing logistical support for development of customer service standards, sourcing, manufacturing, market-distribution and after-sales activities. The topics studied will span supply chain strategy, segmental positioning, service provider relationship developm ent and maintenance, value-added services, forecasting and collaborative planning, rouging strategy, order management, transportation, inventory, warehousing and materials handling and change management.The course will conclude with emphasis on future challenges in the supply chain arena, strategies such as global sourcing trends as well as global logistics issues. Another course objective is to give the student the opportunity to consider Supply Chain Management as a career. Historically, organizations devoted their â€Å"best and brightest† to manage internal operations. Today, leading companies are scrambling to grow in house Supply Chain Management talent ND ensure all general managers have at least a working knowledge of SCM.The class will focus on discussion focused on critical thinking regarding assigned topics. Lecture will be used primarily to reinforce class discussions. Advanced preparation will be essential for effective class participation and overall success. Fi nally, hopefully have some fun along the way as we learn about this dynamic topic! Supplemental Course Materials Several articles have been selected which align with the course objectives and focus topics in the textbook. The content from these readings will serve as a inundation for the class discussions.In addition to these assigned readings, you're also encouraged to read industry publications such as Supply Chain Brain, Logistics Management, Audiologist's and Supply Chain Management Review (all are available online) to learn about breaking news and developments in the field. If you read something in these magazines or Other publications, such as the Wall Street Journal, Economist or Business Week, which relates to a class topic, share it with the class. As time permits, we'll spend a few minutes at the beginning of class discussing current news and developments.